Read more about weather allergies, the seasons you’re most at risk, and how to treat those symptoms.
How Weather Allergies Can Affect You
Allergic reactions occur when your immune system reacts to an allergen—anything your body identifies as “foreign.”
Allergy symptoms can be similar to symptoms from other conditions, such as the common cold. These symptoms are often worse if you also have asthma.
Events That Can Affect Weather Allergies
Different types of weather can cause different types of allergy symptoms.
Runny noseStuffy noseItchy eyesWatery eyesItchy skinSneezingCoughingFatigueWheezingDry, scaly skin
Dry, Windy Days
Dry, windy days can cause allergy symptoms to spike. Wind plays a big role in pollen levels, and pollen is a very common allergen. If you’ve ever woken up to find yellow dust covering your car, you know what pollen looks like.
This fine, dust-like substance helps fertilize plants. It is very lightweight, and is easily picked up and carried through the air when it’s dry and windy. The allergen is then in the air you breathe, in very large amounts.
Mold is another source of allergy symptoms on dry, windy days. Molds and fungi are very common outdoors, and wind can pick up their spores (seeds) and spread them around.
Humid, Rainy Days
Allergy symptoms can also be worse on humid, rainy days. Although mold spores often spread through wind, some types of mold spread when humidity is higher. Spores from these types of mold travel through fog or dew.
Humid, rainy days can sometimes be beneficial for people with pollen allergies. When pollen gets wet, it becomes heavier, making it more likely to stay on the ground rather than in the air where you might breathe it in.
However, rain can sometimes have the opposite effect on pollen. When humidity is very high, pollen particles can actually explode and leak allergenic proteins into the air. This often happens during a thunderstorm.
Cold Temperature Days
Cold temperature days can cause their own type of allergic reaction—a condition called cold urticaria. This condition can be triggered by exposure to cold temperatures, both outside and inside (such as an air-conditioned room).
Symptoms can include:
Red skinDizziness/feeling lightheadedSwollen lips/throatSwollen skinHivesItchy skin
Cold urticaria can be “outgrown,” or it could last a lifetime. Symptoms resolve within five years for about 50% of people who get this condition.
Cold urticaria can often be treated with medications called antihistamines, which block allergy symptoms. In more severe cases, you might need prescription medication.
Warm Temperature Days
Warmer temperatures can also increase your exposure to allergens, such as pollen. Warmer air carries more pollen particles, which means you’re more likely to breathe them in.
Seasonal Weather Allergies
Weather-related allergies are often called “seasonal allergies” because different seasons cause certain allergies to get worse.
Spring
In most of the United States, spring allergies typically start in February and end in the beginning of summer. This is due to plant pollination cycles.
Large amounts of pollen from grasses and trees are present in the spring when temperatures are cooler at night and warmer during the day. Pollen levels are highest in the evenings during the spring season.
Summer
Pollen season for grass and trees continues into the summer. Pollen levels are highest in the evenings in the beginning of summer.
Ragweed pollen season (which can trigger “hay fever”) hits later in the summer, with higher pollen levels in the mornings.
Fall
Less plant allergens are present in the air when fall hits, but ragweed pollen season continues into early fall. Mold can also be present in damp areas, such as near piles of dead leaves.
Winter
Other than cold urticaria, most weather-related allergies do not occur in very cold temperatures. Many plants are dead, and outdoor mold is dormant until spring weather hits.
If you have allergy symptoms in the winter, they are less likely to be caused by weather. You might be allergic to indoor allergens such as dust, indoor mold, or pet dander.
Treatments
Symptoms from weather allergies can often be managed with over-the-counter medications, such as antihistamines, decongestants, nose sprays, and creams.
Antihistamines block the chemicals in your immune system that are causing an allergic reaction. Decongestants decrease swelling in your nose and sinuses to make breathing easier.
Nasal sprays are also very effective for treating runny, itchy nose symptoms. Skin creams can temporarily reduce itching and pain from allergy-related rashes. However, prescription medications such as topical or oral steroids might be required to treat more severe allergies.
In some cases, immunotherapy can be used to treat allergies. During immunotherapy, a small amount of your allergen is introduced to your body through a shot or a pill that dissolves under your tongue. Over time, your body learns not to overreact to the substance that is causing your symptoms.
A Word From Verywell
While weather allergy symptoms can be annoying, they aren’t usually life-threatening. See your doctor to discuss medications and home remedies that can help improve your quality of life during allergy season.
