If your cholesterol levels are not budging despite leading a healthy lifestyle, you may need to take medication. For many people, cholesterol-lowering medications can prevent heart disease and lower the risk of the life-threatening complications of high cholesterol.
So what should you aim for when developing a physical activity routine?
Here’s a breakdown:
Start slowly: The key to incorporating more exercise is to start with what you can manage, and build up from there. You can start with as little as 15 to 20 minutes a day of light activity, such as walks or swimming. Once you get into the swing of things, you can scale up your activity. Weekly activity: You want to eventually get to at least 150 minutes of light to moderate activity per week. This is about 30 minutes a day—not including warm-up and cool down—on five of the seven days. Intensity: Ideally, you want to push yourself without overexertion. When working out, you should be able to converse without losing your breath too much. In that vein, you shouldn’t be able to sing while exercising. It can be helpful to take a fitness class or work with a trainer to help you reach your goals.
According to the American College of Cardiology scientific meeting, the Mediterranean Diet is the dietary eating pattern with the most evidence behind it for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Keys to these approaches are:
Healthier fats: Aim to reduce intake of saturated fats, found in foods like beef, pork, cheese, and bacon. Instead, consider sources of healthy, unsaturated fat, such as nuts, fish, beans, skinless poultry, and soy. Also, avoid trans fats, which are found in fast food, fried foods, and processed foods. Fiber: Foods high in soluble fiber, like leafy greens, whole grain bread, and beans, reduce the cholesterol that’s absorbed by your digestive system. Fresh fruits and vegetables: Diets rich in fresh fruits and vegetables provide plant stanols, which, like fiber, can help prevent the absorption of cholesterol. Omega-3 fatty acids: These polyunsaturated fats help raise HDL cholesterol without raising LDL. Salmon, tuna, and other fish are excellent sources of omega 3s, and flax seeds, chia seeds, and walnuts are also good sources. Salt (sodium): If your sodium intake is high, you’re at a higher risk of heart disease. It’s currently recommended you eat less than 2,300 mg, or about a teaspoon, a day. Be wary of packaged foods, as these often have more salt. Sugars: Keep added sugars to a minimum. Watch out for ingredients like glucose, fructose, high-fructose corn syrup, and sucrose (among others) when you buy packaged foods. Limit or cut out cakes, cookies, and other candies.
Diabetes Thyroid disease Liver disease Kidney disease
Make sure you are consistent with your treatment and see your doctor regularly for routine monitoring of your condition (such as thyroid levels or glycosylated hemoglobin testing).
Studies have also linked chronic stress with high cholesterol, so figuring out healthy ways to manage stress can also help you manage your cholesterol levels.
Approaches to reduce stress include:
Improving sleep qualityMeditation and exerciseSeeking support from family and friendsGetting treatment for mental health conditions, like anxiety and depressionDeveloping strategies to manage anger
Several classes of drugs may be prescribed:
Statins are the first-line medications for both cholesterol-lowering and the prevention of cardiovascular disease. These include Lipitor (atorvastatin) and Crestor (rosuvastatin). Bile-acid sequestrants, such as Welchol (colesevelam) and Questran (cholestyramine) Fibrates, such as Tricor (fenofibrate) and Lopid (gemfibrozil) Other drugs, such as PCSK9 inhibitors and ACL inhibitors
If you’ve been prescribed any of these medications, make sure you stick to your doctor’s orders and be aware of side effects or adverse reactions.
In very rare cases, especially when high cholesterol is genetic, medications and lifestyle changes will still be insufficient. A procedure called lipoprotein apheresis may be employed. This involves using specialized medical equipment to remove cholesterol from the blood.
Before you venture out to the herbal aisle, discuss your plans with your doctor. Some supplements can interact with other medications you may already be taking. Additionally, some of these supplements do not work for everyone.
Popular supplements include:
Fish oil Red rice yeast extract Berberine
